Extended eLearning

Australian Curriculum  Science Year 5
STRAND Earth & Space Sciences: This unit involves students exploring the place of Earth in the solar system and then using this knowledge to look for patterns and relationships between components of this system. They discover how science and technology have advanced understanding of space.	Learning Sequence: ·       exploring knowledge of Earth, other planets and the sun ·       considering Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stories related to the solar system ·       researching how the development of optical instruments and technology contributed to the discovery of the planets and major bodies in the solar system ·       gathering and recording data to compare facts about the planets and the sun ·       creating models that show the relative size of and distance between Earth, the other planets and the sun ·       comparing environmental conditions on other planets with those on Earth and hypothesising whether or not life is possible on other planets ·       describing how scientists from a range of cultures have contributed to understandings of the solar system ·       examining how technologies developed to aid space exploration have impacted on society        outlining Australia’s involvement in space            exploration.
	What do I see? Teacher directed learning, No ICT’s, no           allowance for authentic, real life contexts.
Physical Sciences: This unit involves students investigating properties of light and the formation of shadows. Students explore the role of light in everyday objects and devices and consider how improved technology has changed devices	·       exploring sources of light ·       exploring shadow formation and relationships to a light source ·       making predictions and investigating absorption, transmission, reflection and refraction ·       classifying materials as transparent, opaque or translucent ·       drawing simple, labeled ray diagrams ·       relating familiar phenomena (e.g. rainbows) to properties of light ·       considering the role of light in their everyday lives ·       considering the role of light in the functioning of animals and plants (e.g. bees, reptiles, green plants) ·       investigating devices that use light and exploring how improved technology has led to them changing over time ·       researching the contributions of other cultures to the development of optical devices.       constructing a model of a device which uses mirror   lenses and explaining the properties of light it utilises.
	What do I see? Teacher directed learning, No ICT’s, a lot of research assumed through books etc as no mention of ICT resources to use
Chemical Sciences: This unit provides students with opportunities to broaden their classification of matter to include gases and to begin to see how matter structures the world around them. Students investigate the observable properties and behaviour of solids, liquids and gases. They also investigate the development of composite materials to meet the needs of modern society.	·       reviewing and comparing the properties of solids and liquids ·       exploring properties of gases and comparing them with solids and liquids ·       describing safety conditions for handling and using gases in investigation and real-life contexts ·       comparing the range of properties within solids, liquids and gases ·       investigating ways in which solids, liquids and gases change under different conditions ·       examining sublimation (solid to gas) and explaining how this change in state can be useful in everyday situations ·       evaluating some composite materials and their classification in terms of state      appraising the properties and behaviour of some  composite materials in relation to real-life  applications.
	What do I see? No opportunity to pose and answer questions amongst peers, No ICT use, No actual mention of using science labs etc if available, a lot of book and paper/worksheets.

WIKIPedia Learning Activity Week 7

http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/index.cfm
www.primaryscience.ie
wwwdiscover-science.ie
http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun
http://sohoww.nascom.nasa.gov/
http://www.nso.edu/
http://www.suntrek.org/
These are a few website links that I found.  These could be made available to students by incorporating them into wiki, or web quest or webpages, this way the learners would have access to them both in the classroom and wherever they have internet access.

SlideShare

Here is the link to view my Powerpoint presentation that I used for Visual Arts and Innovation (Term 3 2010)

Reflective Synopsis

The way that learners of the 21^st century learn is changing, and consequently the way that learning managers educate these learners needs to mirror this change. It has become widely evident that learning experiences not only need to contain the content knowledge of the topic, they need to cater for a variety of learning styles. These learning experiences then need to incorporate  pedagogy that creates interest and engages the learners. Waterhouse (2005, p. 30) defines pedagogy as the art and the science of teaching. Learning experiences can be enhanced through e-Learning and be linked to several learning theories including behaviourism, cognitivism, and constructivism. A proficient learning manager will develop effective and engaging learning experiences by profiling and understanding how their learners learn most effectively and incorporating this knowledge with the content and the pedagogy to ensure that learning is facilitated. Colbert et al. (2008, p. 14) maintains that a teacher needs to display deep pedagogical knowledge, understand how students acquire and construct knowledge, and how positive disposition towards learning is developed. The application of technological tools into a learning experience in today’s classroom can greatly engage the learners. The framework  identified as the TPACK framework, (Appendix 1)  infers that  digital technologies are integral and just as important as the learning managers knowledge and skills for maintaining the learners  engagement. If learners are engaged in the classroom by creative, interesting and engaging learning experiences, then learning outcomes will be reached and students will achieve  success. Prensky (2005) states “all the students we teach have something in their lives that’s really engaging—something that they do and that they are good at, something that has an engaging, creative component to it”. The use of eLearning can assist in developing and adapting learning designs to provide effective and engaging opportunities to cater for the learning styles of our 21^st century learners. (Appendix 2) This is especially integral to the primary classroom of this century.

Defining eLearning is not an easy task, as this too is under constant change. Fasso (2011) suggests that the use of information technologies (ICTs) to enhance and engage learners will extend learning in a pedagogically innovative, sound and flexible way.  This also constitutes a very basic description of what eLearning is. As well as being engaging and enhancing and pedagogically innovative, eLearning has become more and more affordable and is a versatile way of learning and communicating not only in the 21^st century classroom, but in the everyday world. Communication and eLearning have a strong link to the learning theory of constructivism. Identified by Vygotsky (1962), social interactions have a important influence on learning through the strategy of scaffolding. The strategy of scaffolding has been explained by Van Der Stuyf (2002, p. 2) as “facilitating a student’s ability to build on prior knowledge and internalise new information”. The activities provided in scaffolding instruction are just beyond the level of what the learner can do alone (Olson & Pratt, 2000 as cited in Van Der Stuyf, 2002, p 2). This level is recognised as a learners zone of proximal development (ZPD) and is defined by Woolfolk and Margetts (2010, p. 55) as “the area between a person’s current level of independent functioning and what they can achieve with the assistance of others”. Likewise, Snowman (et al, 2009, p.47) view scaffolding as “helping students acquire knowledge and skills that they would not have learnt on their own”. Scaffolding can be incorporated into learning experiences through many thinking strategies.  Participating in an activity through a wiki (Appendix 3) discussion regarding mobile phones and whether this form of technology should be used in the classroom allowed for the presentation of different perspectives. A thinking strategy known as De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats allowed learners to demonstrate ways of reckoning and encouraged thinking outside of the box. This was an excellent opportunity for scaffolding to occur as it is a beneficial way for thinking in different ways that can be incorporated in the classrooms of today. According to Frangenheim (2007), “the Six Thinking Hats forces the thinker to consider the problem in several dimensions, and is more likely to guarantee better thinking”. The use of a Web 2.0 tool, a wiki, has been found to be a great way for learners to be supported through a constructivist approach. These perspectives were presented through not only personal opinion but personal experience. Through these perspectives, the learning about mobiles phones was extended and the realisation of what such a tool could do was recognised. Giving learners the opportunity to participate in such a learning experience not only broadened their knowledge on the topic, but also helps them see that not everyone has that same ideas and values. Consideration also needed to be given to peers when editing, modifying, adding or removing information from a wiki page. The need to reflect on my participation (Appendix 4) with in this wiki was then necessary. Wikis are not the only eLearning tool that can be explored and experimented with in the primary classroom; others include concept mapping, podcasts, images, and web pages. The ones found to be of particular interest and could become powerful in the primary classroom educational context include Blogs, Digital Videos, online scrap booking tools such as Glogster, and the use of the IPod Touch.

          Through participation with in this course it has become evident that the power of a web2.0 tool such as a blog has endless possibilities within the primary school classroom context. At first it was necessary for myself to identify and comprehend what a blog really was and draw some comparisons   (Appendix 5) with wikis. Through a blogging activity, learning can be transformed as these tool can be used by both the teacher and the learner. One way a teacher could use this tool would be to display previous learners work as examples of the tasks that are required.  This could be of assistance to learners who need a visual display of what is required.  Of course, it is important to always keep in mind the legal, safety and ethical issues involved with uploading materials on line.  A student may like to use this tool as a place to be creative within a writing activity, when completing an individual task or to record his/her own thoughts and research ready for participation within a collaborative task.  Likewise, a teacher can post comments to assist the learners and provide feedback and scaffold learning. If scaffolded correctly within a blog, learners could demonstrate levels of higher order thinking. Richardson (2006, p. 32) defines real blogging as linking analysis and synthesis that articulates deeper understanding to the content, and as being linked and written with the potential audience response in mind. A strong benefit of a blogging tool is that being a Web 2.0 tool, only the owner of the blog is able to edit, change, or delete the blog postings. Therefore, this allows the learner total control over their own work.

            There are advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of blogging, and it is for this reason that a blog is not the ideal tool for a collaborative learning activity as only comments can be posted and nothing can be altered or added to by other learners within the group. This leaves the alterations of tasks to be completed by the owner of the blog and therefore this may not be effective in a collaborative learning environment.

            After constructing a short Digital Video of my own,  (Appendix 6) this is the second tool that I chose to investigate and explore further. Digital videos can be made known to learners, or can be something that the learners  produce for themselves. Through producing their own videos,  learners are allowed to express their creativity. Digital videos could be produced collaboratively and would require learners to use higher order thinking skills and processes. It is an excellent tool to use in a primary classroom with older learners requiring minimal guidance for the actual creation of the video instead allowing for the learners to explore. Kearsley & Schneiderman (1998) acknowledges the ‘engagement theory’ specifically promotes student activities that involve the cognitive processes such as creating, problem-solving, reasoning, decision-making, and evaluation in which students are motivated to learn due to the meaningful nature of the learning environment and activities. Digital videos can be incorporated through all KLA’s and it is not necessary to have access to a digital video camera, as video as can be created with the use of still images, and then overlayed with audio. There are some issues to be considered when uploading photos and music. All photos should be referenced even if they are your own and no photos should be made available to view unless the people in them know and have granted permission for you to do so.

Glogster is an up to date modern online tool that enables learners to create their own interactive posters. Interaction with glogster allows learners to explore their creative side and incorporate audio, podcasts and upload the content into their glog. My attempt at a quick glog can be viewed here. (Appendix 7) The versatility of glogster allows for its use across all KLA’s within the primary classroom. A poster for a presentation or display could be created with this tool to display information. I personally cannot think of a subject that Glogster could not be incorporated into. The engagement with this tool allows for fostering teamwork and co-operative learning or working individually. Teachers could also use this type of presentation to display learners' works and achievements, for parents and carers to view online. Within most family contexts, the need for both parents to be committed to employment, it is sometimes inevitable that they miss some of the learning and achievements of their most valuable asset, their children. What better way for them to be involved with their child’s learning and be able to view this either in their own time or by having the child show them and explain what they did and how they did it. The ability of this tool to be monitored by the learning managers, provides a safe, private and secure fun experience that (Glogster, 2011, as cited in Renton, 2011) states “enables schools to meet and exceed educational technology and content area standards for creativity and innovation, communication and collaboration, research and information fluency, critical thinking, problem solving and decision making, and digital citizenship”.

            Vardy and Curvin (2007) observed that new technologies such as iPods now permeate the lives and daily routines of many young children as they engage with these technologies in a variety of ways. This is evident due to the small device having endless possibilities within the primary classroom. This tool not only does the normal things like enable the user to take photos, record voices and all the other standard things that technology has allowed us to do, but also  this  palm sized product can connect you to the internet, record high definition(HD) videos, allow the use of both forward and back facing cameras, can be used to work collaboratively with in the context of not having to be seated next to the person with whom you are working, and the list goes on. The connection time on these  devices is usually fast and therefore less time is lost in transitions from one activity to the next. Blogging, making a children’s digital library, recording podcasts, and uploading and downloading media are just some of the  potentials. The growing list of educational apps allows for learner to participate with the use of ICT’s without even having to move from their seats. Morris (2011) (Appendix 8) defines the use of the iPod with in her primary classroom learning context as allowing students to learn at their own pace as stories and videos can be paused and replayed many times. It is a great way to reinforce concepts and encourage independent as well as co-operative group learning.  I  have also found the iPod Touch to be engaging for reluctant learners and helpful for students with learning difficulties. All good things must come with some draw backs and one of these is if the technology is not working and you need internet connection then other preparation will need to have been considered.  Observations need to be made at all times that learners are remaining on task and on the correct activity that is being implemented. It  could be hard for a learning manager to control the use of these devices if all learners were engaged with the device at the same time however through hands on exploration of this device the capabilities and potential for it to enhance learning just keeps on surprising.

          QCAR (2007) identifies that applying ICTs for learning will assists students to become competent, discriminating, creative and productive. Likewise incorporating ICT’s will enhance learning across all Key Learning Areas (KLA’s). The eLearning tools that have been explored demonstrate that learning is a social context  does not have to occur face to face.  Through participation in my eLearning adventure so far, I have acquired a far broader knowledge about how these and other tools can be applied and used in the classrooms to enhance the learning of our 21^st century learners.

References

Colbert, J.A., Boyd, K.E., Clark, K. A., Guan, S., Harris, J.B., Kelly, M.A., & Thompson, A.D. (2008). Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) for educators. New York, NY: Routledge.

Fasso, W. (2011, Term 3). 21st century learners. Retrieved from: http://moodle.cqu.edu.au/file.php/17114/Week1.pdf

Frangenheim, E. (2007). Reflections on classroom thinking strategies (9th ed.). Loganholme, QLD, Australia: Rodin Educational Publishing.

Kearsley, G., & Scheiderman, B. (1988). Engagement theory: A framework for technology-based teaching and learning. Retrieved from: http://home.sprynet.com/~gkearsley/engage.htm.

Morris, K. (2011). Using an ipod touch in the primary classroom. Retrieved from http://primarytech.global2.vic.edu.au/2011/08/08/using-an-ipod-touch-in-the-primary-classroom/

Prensky, M. (2005). Digital natives, digital immigrants. Retrieved from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf

QCAR.  (2007).  Information and communication technologies (ICTs) cross-curriculum priority by the

end of year 3. Retrieved from: http://www.qsa.qld.edu.au/downloads/early_middle/qcar_ccp_ict_yr3.pdf

Renton,  J. (2011). Three benefits of using Glogster, a 21st century multimedia tool, in K-

12 classrooms. Retrieved from http://jamiethelibrarian.com/2011/05/13/three-benefits-of-using-glogster-a-21st-century-multimedia-tool-in-k-12-classrooms/

Richardson, W. (2006). Blogs, wikis, podcasts and other powerful web tools for classrooms. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press

Snowman,  J., Dobozy, E.,  Scevak, J.,  Bryer, F.,  Bartlett, B,. & Biehler. (2009). Psychology  applied to Teaching. Milton, Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia Limited

Waterhouse, S. (2005). The power of elearning: The essential guide for Teaching in the digital age.  Boston, USA: Pearson Educational, Inc.

Woolfolk, A., & Margetts, K. (2010). Educational Psychology. (2^nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Australia.

Van Der Stuyf, R. (2002).  Scaffolding as a Teaching Strategy. Retrieved from 

condor.admin.ccny.cuny.edu/.../Van%20Der%20Stuyf/

Vardy, J. & Kervin, L. (2007). Using iPod technology to engage primary students with the deconstruction and reconstruction of audio text. Retrieved from http://www.alea.edu.au/documents/item/88

Vygotsky, L. (1962). Social development theory. Retrieved from:   http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/social-development.html

Appendices

Appendix 1

Reflection about TPACK Framework.

Appendix 2

21st Century Learners

Appendix 3

Group 1 Mobile Phones

Appendix 4

My Participation in Mobile Phone Wiki

Appendix 5

Making it clearer to myself

Appendix6

My Digital Video

Appendix7

Glogster

Appendix8

Using an Ipod Touch in the Primary Classroom

Group 4 Tools

Animations and Simulations: are Web based that allows students to have access to them anywhere and at anytime.  These tools are to be embedded into other learning experiences as on their own they do not constitute learning.  I have personally only recently engaged with one of these tools through the mathematics course that I have just completed.  This was a Learning Object that was through the Learning Federation.  Others that I have seen in action but so not have access to are through the Learning Place that is associated with Education Queensland. 
Google Earth: A resource that both teachers and students can use.  This tool I feel somewhat replaces that Altas that was always on  a primary school book list, and something when I think about it I have never had to buy for my own child who is completing Year 4 this year.  This resource  allows students to see images of the eart and even their own back yard all with the clip of a mouse.  This tool could readily be used in all KLA's. This tool does require you to download the software to be able to use but that was so simple and very quick.
Google Maps: Unlike Google Earth does not require software to be down loaded.  This tool can be used to create maps for your own personal use and then they can be uploaded to a Blog or Wiki.  Again a tool that could be used across all KLA's.
Google Documents for Collaboration: This tool is another tool that can be used anytime, anywhere.  Students can use this tool to have discussions with other students anywhere around the world. This is a great way for students to collaborate with each other.  Also a great way for student to teacher discussions to occur and what about teacher to teacher. 
Online Concept Mapping: The use of fun, easy to use and engaging online concept mapping tool has numerous benefits and many  free to down load versions are available. After exploring two free versions, and constructing a concept map of my own, the decision to explore more led to the finding of a third Mindomo.com. These tools are a great way to organise, collaborate and share the ideas for a learning task.  These tools can cater for a variety of learning styles and learning stages and can be used as a group tool, in pairs or individually.  The ICT skills that are required for the use of online concept mapping  is mostly acquired will interacting with the tool. Concept mapping whether on paper or online needs to be taught and this may be one of the draw backs of implementing the use of this tool, unless the learners have engaged with this thinking strategy before.  Consideration needs to be given to the how learners like to organise their thoughts and what other sorts of graphic organisers the learners may have previously explored before this tool can be used. 
Within the primary classroom context, concept mapping could benefit learners through engaging within the social context, developing an understanding of a body of knowledge,  explore new information and relationships,  access prior knowledge,  gather new knowledge and information, share knowledge and information generated,  problem solve options and design structures or processes such as written documents, constructions, web sites, web search, multimedia presentations.
Online Concept mapping: A interesting tool that I had never heard of nor thought that there would be such a thing!  Can incorporate video, audio, images, text, links and media.  Very engaging.
Zooburst: Again very engaging both for the teacher and the learner!  This free tool allows for the creation of 3D pop up books.
 

Concept Map summary

Prezi....

I have experience Prezi before but have never constructed one myself.  This also is a great tool and the possibilites witht this tool would be limitless.  This I feel would be a great way for the higher year level of learners in the primary context as this is a way to encourage learners to become more confident when completing presentation as it is a way theat they can present and not rely on reading notes.  It would encourage learners to ensure that they are confident and competent with their content knowledge.  A great tool also for teachers that need to do presentations to fellow peers.  Very professional.
View my attempt at Prezi here.